Scallops as a new source of food protein: high-intensity ultrasonication improved stability of oil-in-water emulsion stabilised by myofibrillar protein

In this study, the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) (200 and 400 W for 0, 5, 10 and 15 min respectively) on conformational changes, physicochemical, rheological and emulsifying properties of scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) myofibrillar protein (SMP) was investigated. HIUS-treated SMP had lower α-helix content and higher β-sheet content compared with the native SMP. HIUS treatment induced the unfolding of SMP and increased the surface hydrophobicity. The particle size of SMP decreased and the absolute zeta-potential increased after ultrasonication, which in turn increased the solubility of SMP. The conformational changes and the improvement of physicochemical properties of SMP increased the ability for SMP to lower the interfacial tension at the oil–water interface and increased the percentage of adsorbed protein. As a result, the emulsifying properties, rheological properties of SMP and storage stability of emulsions were also improved. In conclusion, HIUS treatment has future potential for improving the emulsifying properties of SMP.     

基于光流法的固体内部声传播方向测量

目前采用光弹设备测量超声传播方向多为人眼主观观测,其误差较大,难以实现精确的定量测量。将Farneback光流法应用于光弹图像的处理,并根据帧与帧之间的光流图来计算光弹图像中的超声传播方向,可以捕捉图像中的动态声场。在实验中对不同传播方向的超声进行了测量,其绝对偏差度数最大值为2.85°,测量结果较为准确。因此,Farneback光流法可用于光弹图像中声波传播方向的判断,且具有快速、准确和直观等特点。     

动力蓄电池包挤压失效仿真与实验

为提高动力蓄电池包挤压仿真的精度，将延性损伤准则引入到有限元仿真，通过单轴拉伸试验、纯剪切试验与缺口件拉伸试验与有限元仿真，获得了某动力蓄电池包结构所用材料6061-T6铝合金的延性损伤参数。型材三点弯曲试验、动力蓄电池包挤压试验与有限元仿真的结果表明：输入延性损伤参数的有限元仿真结果与试验结果误差小，能较为准确地模拟铝合金损伤对结构承载性能的影响；不考虑材料失效的结果与试验结果误差较大。     

Mild hydrogen production from the hydrolysis of Al–Bi–Zn composite powder

The development of mild hydrogen-generating materials is of great significance to improve the working life of hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells. In this study, Al–Bi–Zn composite powders were designed by phase diagram calculation and then prepared via the gas atomization method. The results indicated that the conversion yield of Al–12Bi–7Zn (wt.%) powder reached 98% with stable hydrogen production within 280 min at 50 °C. When composite powder reacted with NaCl solution to produce hydrogen, the dormant period of the reaction process was significantly shortened, but the conversion rate was slightly reduced. Additionally, the evolution of powder morphology during the reaction was investigated. The results showed that the continuous cracking of the powder led to the continuous exposure of fresh Al to react.     

澳大利亚“基于能力本位的评估”模式及对我国高职教育 质量评估的启 示

澳大利亚职业教育在全球享有较高的声誉,这与其坚持严格的"基于能力本位的评估"(competency based assessment, CBA)密不可分。介绍了澳大利亚CBA的内涵特征,并详细描述"准备评估、开发评估工具、开展评估、对评估结果进行评估"的CBA运作过程,关注评估工具的开发和后续常规系统性检查及完善,以期对我国的高等职业教育质量评估起到启示和借鉴作用。     

偏高岭石碱溶合成方钠石相变过程及吸附特性

方钠石具有笼型结构和比表面积大的特性,使其吸附能力较强。以偏高岭石和NaOH为原料,通过碱溶法合成了羟基方钠石,探讨了NaOH浓度、反应温度、反应时间和液固比对合成方钠石的影响。采用XRD、SEM、IR和NMR对碱溶过程的产物进行了表征；探讨了方钠石对Al³⁺的吸附特性。结果表明,反应温度对方钠石合成影响最大,NaOH浓度次之,液固比影响较小,升高反应温度和增大NaOH浓度可缩短反应时间。碱溶过程中,偏高岭石中的活性铝、硅优先溶解于NaOH溶液,随着反应的推进,溶液中的铝、硅达到一定浓度后会发生缩聚反应形成前驱体胶凝相。NaOH浓度对前驱体胶凝相的转变影响显著,低浓度时,胶凝相主要转变成沸石相；高浓度时则转变为方钠石相,反应的本质是处于亚稳定状态的沸石相与NaOH反应形成方钠石相。吸附特性试验表明,方钠石对Al³⁺的吸附符合Langmuir模型,其吸附率高达99.9%,最大吸附量达89.77 mg/g。     

智能控制技术在棉花坑矿井排水系统中的应用

通过对棉花坑矿井排水系统现状的调查分析,提出了基于人工智能控制的排水系统软件及结构设计。该系统通过检测水仓水位和用电高峰、平段、低谷期等相关参数,实现矿井排水系统智能化控制;可自动合理调度水泵运行,具有故障预警、报警功能,节约了人工和能耗成本,经济效益明显。